Probiotics in the Management of Autoimmune Disorders (Multiple Sclerosis): A New Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62382/69zsf424Keywords:
Multiple sclerosis, Probiotics, Precision probiotics, NanoparticlesAbstract
The autoimmune disorders are distinguished by inflammatory processes mediated by the immune system, causing damage to target organs and leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. They affect the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and skeletal muscle. The gut-brain axis (GBA) helps in regulating the CNS function and the immune system via gut microbiota. The living microorganism probiotics have shown beneficial health effects when administered appropriately. They showed promising results in autoimmune disorders, like multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis Optica (NMO), by regulating the immune system via modulating immune activity and decreasing inflammation. Yet, their actual clinical effectiveness is often limited due to their transit through the digestive system, which reduces their viability. The emergence of nanotechnology introduces a novel avenue for probiotic encapsulation and the enhancement of their effectiveness. The encapsulated probiotics in nanocarriers are released gradually in the intestine, improving absorption and colonization in the gut, enhancing gut-brain communication. Engineered probiotics could be a more precise approach to deliver therapeutics as they offer site-specific delivery and high accuracy compared to traditional drug delivery methods. In this review, we summarize the role of probiotics in the management of autoimmune CNS conditions, specifically, MS.
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