Transmission, Preparedness, and Pharmacological Interventions for a Monkeypox Outbreak: An Overview
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62382/sps35430Keywords:
Monkeypox, Zoonotic, Virus, Outbreak, Antiviral drugs, Pharmacological drugs, TreatmentAbstract
Monkeypox, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has become a growing global health concern due to its increasing prevalence and potential for widespread transmission. MPXV, a member of the Orthopoxvirus family, spreads through direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated objects, respiratory droplets, and potentially through sexual transmission. Recent outbreaks have highlighted the need for enhanced surveillance, vaccination strategies, and pharmacological interventions to mitigate its impact. This review examines the transmission pathways, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of MPXV, as well as current and emerging treatment options. Antiviral agents such as Tecovirimat and Brincidofovir show promise in mitigating disease severity, though further clinical trials are required to establish their efficacy. Vaccination remains a crucial tool, with JYNNEOS™ and ACAM2000® being the primary vaccines available. However, challenges such as accessibility and vaccine hesitancy persist. The review also underscores the importance of public health interventions, including quarantine measures, rapid diagnostic testing, and global coordination in controlling outbreaks. Future research should focus on improving antiviral effectiveness, understanding long-term immunity, and enhancing outbreak preparedness to minimize the impact of future epidemics.
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